Persuasive Essay

WOMEN and ABORTION

Many women have abortions around the world. There are many reasons to abort for women. There is so much disagreement about abortion whether or not it is good, bad or neither. Some of them think about it because they have fear of having a child or some of the others think not having enough money or the reason of rape. I think whatever the situation; there should not be acceptable reasons to get an abortion unless the life of the pregnant woman was threatened. We have human values, religious values, and values of self-conscience for not to have an abortion.
One of the reasons why women should not have an abortion is related to basic human values. There is so much disagreement about the human status of the fetus; does it have any rights, and should the fetus be considered a person. According to my idea women have to think about their unborn babies who are not responsible for this situation. These unborn babies should have the opportunity to live and grow into a normal person. Women should be more caring and less selfish. On the other hand, the baby doesn’t know how or why he is here. I think it is not necessary to kill a life; there are many solutions to resolve this problem instead of having an abortion.
The second reason why women should not abort because of the religious values said too. In almost all religious, women are not allowed to have an abortion. If they have an abortion, their religions will punish them. In some religions, for example, a woman cannot take close association after having an abortion; she is being ignored by public. In my religious of Muslim, abortion is forbidden in most cases but is acceptable depending on the circumstances around the pregnancy. In the case where the woman’s life is threatened by the pregnancy, Muslim experts agree that abortion is allowed based on the principle that mother’s life takes precedence over the life of the fetus. This is because the woman is considered the “original source of life,” while the fetus is only “potential life.”
One of the other reasons and I think it is the most important one why women should not abort is the related to her self-conscience. When a woman has an abortion, she will always think about the baby which will always remind her that she killed it. Because she has had an abortion, she will never have a good life, and her self-conscience will remind her of what she has done. Since a woman who has an abortion cannot forget about what she has done, these thoughts will always be with her, and the results can be distressing. Also many researches show that women feel regret after their abortions. Women who abort often suffer from traumatic stress, nightmares and depression. Eating disorders, alcoholism, and drug abuse are more common among the women who abort.
Each and every one of us has come across with the issue of abortion; we all have our individual opinion about this subject. When I think most of us think about abortion will be what we think about sex, about reproduction, about the beginning of human life, about responsibility, about killing, about equality, and about religion. There are many reasons why women should not have an abortion. The truth is that women needed to think about the consequences that can occur before having sexual relations. I think that the effects of an abortion can be very sad for everyone involved, both for the woman who has the abortion and for the family who lives with her.

Analytical Essay‏

The Difference between Driving
in California and Turkey

When I arrived in the USA I knew many things would change in my life, including how to drive. Actually, it was scary at the beginning. I wasn’t familiar with the rules and their enforcement by police officers in America. Within my first days of driving in the USA, a police officer stopped me and asked, “Are you aware of how your driving is?” I said, “Sure,” I thought that I was driving well, so I was comfortable with answering his questions. He was really upset with me and he said, “No, you were not doing well. You didn’t stop completely at the stop sign. You just passed through it, without waiting.” I was shocked; he was right according to him, but I was right too for myself because I was pretty sure that I checked around before I passed the stop sign. He said, “No, you have to stop completely at the stop sign before you move on.” I just realized that the difference was coming from the fact that we didn’t have stop signs in Turkey, so you decide where you should stop even though this situation may cause an accident. At the time when I was stopped by the police officer, I realized it would be really difficult learning the rules in the USA because we have so many differences and I have to figure out all these differences while driving in the USA.
That was not the only thing that I realized about the driving rules in America. In Turkey, yellow lights last longer than here. It means that more cars can pass with the yellow light. I made a couple mistakes until I learned that I need to prepare to stop as soon as possible when I see the yellow light. I almost had a bad accident a couple of time. Back home in Turkey we don’t have as many traffic signs like here. We have our own auto control through the traffic. But the system here is better than in my country regarding traffic rules and in that way the risks of accidents decrease. You feel safe in the expectation that everyone knows and will follow the rules. I now know to stop at stop signs and check around totally and then pass without taking risks. The other thing is that in Turkey we cannot turn right on a red light. Of course, I didn’t know that is different here. One day I was waiting for a red light to turn green and the driver behind me was so mad at me because the road was empty and I could have turned right, but I didn’t. Then I learned it’s okay to turn right on a red light, if the road is clear.
The second and one of the biggest issues here are pedestrians. You have to be really careful and aware of them all the time. Pedestrians are always right here, no matter what. If you hurt someone someway you may go to jail. You have to be cautious all the time while you are driving. You cannot be sure any time that they will not suddenly jump out from the middle of the road and it is not in your power to stop them. You have to be careful; that is the only thing you can do. There are traffic lights for pedestrians too. Fortunately, most of them obey the rules. But back home there are no rules for pedestrians; they can jaywalk any time and you have to stop. At this point if something happens that won’t be only the driver’s fault like in the US. So you can’t just blame the driver if a pedestrian gets injured because pedestrians should be careful and cautious, too, like drivers.
And the third thing I realized regards the police officers in America. American police officers are pretty strict with people who seem dangerous on the road. If they catch you for some reason they rarely forgive you. You don’t have right to say anything against them. If they find you guilty they give you ticket and you cannot discuss about this ticket or even say something. You can’t even think about bargaining in this case. That would be the worst thing one could do in this country. Many people are afraid of police officers here. In Turkey, if police officers catch you, you can make a deal about your position before they give you a ticket or something else. You can offer them a bribe to get rid of this situation. That’s why many people feel comfortable driving. We are not truly scared of our police officers. Therefore, many of us are not really concerned about the rules, which is bad because in this case our life is in danger; we don’t really follow the traffic rules and our graphs of statistics of accidents are increasing day by day.
In conclusion, I really feel more comfortable and safe driving in the USA than in my country because everything is in order and people generally obey the laws. Drivers try not to break the rules; if someone breaks the rules no matter what she or he says or offers to the police here you might go to jail or a ticket. It is unacceptable to offer something to the police officers. And now I am aware of so many things about traffic rules, police officers and pedestrians which now makes me feel safe. The point is that I feel safe and more comfortable about driving here now, but I am still afraid of coming across police officers. They make me a little bit nervous.

CHAPTER 31 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 31 – CONDUCTING RESEARCH on the INTERNET

We should first get organized. We should be sure to have the question that we need answered in front of us so that it is easy to refer back to it as you begin to collect data. We should plan how we intend to answer the question. Most essays include the following: a debate on an issue, personal opinion, and answers the questions briefly of who, what, when, where, why and how as it relates to the subject. We should start research by typing the main subject of the question into the internet search engine window and notice what comes up when we search. And second step starts visiting websites at least 3 to 10 sites that appear on the front page (if they are not specific to the subject of our essay try another search using another set of words.) we should make notes on our paper of the following as we review these sites: recent stories, studies or interviews about the subject, any similar information written about the question you are trying to answer -- we may want to include the main subject plus the word "essay" to see what other people have written about it (read as much as you can so that we have an idea how to write our essay), statistical information related to the subject (may be used as our opening paragraph tied in with our own experience), what others have done or expect as it relates to the subject, and end with a future outlook, famous quote or your personal opinion. Third step is beginning writing. Whatever comes to our mind based on the research we have found write it, no matter how it sounds. We are attempting to brainstorm for the best ways to convey our points and sometimes that comes from purging out all the unclear and confusing thoughts first. Leave space for details we don't know offhand simply by creating blank lines.

CHAPTER 30 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 30 – CONDUCTING PRIMARY and LIBRARY RESEARCH

Library research paper is one type of writing, where everything – time, place and people – get together. A library research paper is at least time-saving. While writing it we can freely use the nearest help and it is the librarians. These people know everything about their book shelves, backrooms and archives. Apart from librarians, a library research paper presupposes some literary sources that we will also have. There are plenty of useful materials for us on the bookshelves of our library. Here is another thing for an excellent library research paper: unite Advice number one (count several lines from this place above, if you have hard times with memory) with book sources available and you will get a perfect list of references for our library research paper. We should add some of our personal research methods to the library research paper. We can conduct our own observations or hold some experiments. Illustrations will also suit the library research paper, but do on overdo on this part. It is not necessary to draw portraits of helpful librarians in a desire to acknowledge them.

CHAPTER 29 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 29 – Getting Started: From Planning Research to Evaluating Sources

This chapter outlines the logical steps to writing a good research paper. You should take care in selecting your thesis firstly. We should come up with an original thesis or take an aspect of someone's thesis and develop it. Our thesis is the most critical aspect of our research essay. In the body part, it's a marshalling of facts to support our argument. We should make sure we have found out in any academics have made similar arguments and acknowledge them in our essay, even if we did not draw directly from them. If they said things, which don't support our argument, say why these statements are either wrong or not applicable in the circumstances. In the conclusion part, typically we summarize our arguments. We can also end with an example or a quote, which sums up our arguments. As usual, a clearly-written, well organized essay. Top marks would go to an original thesis, which showed thorough research and good writing. If we have a tired old thesis, no matter how well we write the essay, our grades will be limited

CHAPTER 28 – PREPEARING ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Before we begin writing our presentation, we need to define our purpose and analyze our audience. Do we want to inform, persuade, or entertain? We should expect to write more than one draft. Presentations, like papers, require revisions. Our presentation will consist of three main parts: the introduction, body, and conclusion. A good introduction must grab the audience’s attention. We can explain why our presentation is of value to our audience. The body of our presentation contains the main points and supporting data. Our format (persuasive, chronological, cause and effect, or comparison and contrast) should support our purpose. We should write our transitions to make a smooth flow from idea to idea. In our transitions, emphasize what we have covered and where we are headed. In your conclusion, we should review our key points and why they are significant. We should be sure to present no new information, only what we have already covered. Be brief and to the point. We should prepare our notes to use during our presentation. Notes help guide you through our presentation. An outline is helpful because we can highlight our main points and indent supporting data. Be brief but specific. We should have steady eye contact, Pause for emphasis, or slow down. We should use overhead visuals to guide our audience through the presentation. Keep our overheads simple, one topic per overhead, three to ten lines per overhead, and keep graphics basic. Use a large enough font size (30+) so the audience can easily read our overheads. We should use appropriate colors and type face because we do not want to distract our audience.

CHAPTER 26 -WRITING for the WORKPLACE

This chapter helps us in taking care of the business at hand. Communication skills, including writing, are consistently ranked as one of the top skills needed in workplace and professional settings. Although much of workplace communication may seem mundane--such as writing a typical memo or email message--organizational cultures are created, sustained and challenged by the accumulation of these seemingly routine messages.

And, on occasion, writing plays a role in difficult persuasive situations in which an important project, a great deal of money, or perhaps even a person's career is at stake.
This workshop addresses strategies for handling a range of writing situations. Participants will learn or enhance strategies for effective written communication--these are skills participants can pass on to students and use themselves in professional settings. The workshop will focus on topics such as analyzing communication situations, building goodwill, adapting messages to audiences, making our writing easier to read, dealing with difficult persuasive situations, and writing effective informative messages such as memos, letters, and emails.

CHAPTER 25 – TAKING ESSAY TESTS

This chapter helps us write better essay answers. We should read all the directions and questions first. We should take notice of the number of questions, the points for each question, the range of difficulty and the time available. We should write any answers that come to our mind immediately. We should write down any other key information we don't want to forget. We should analyze the test question and divide it into its main parts and sub-parts. From the parts, we should quickly make an outline of what we will write about. We should read the instructional words included in the question carefully. We should make an outline as a "map" to answer the essay question. If we don't have time to finish the whole test, this outline may give us some points. More importantly, the outline helps us to stay focused. We should make our answer as specific as possible. We should use part of the test question sentence in our test answer at the beginning of the paragraph. This tells the reader that we are answering this part of the essay here. It should include a topic statement at the beginning and a conclusion paragraph at the end. Then we should review our answers. We should give our self enough time at the end of the test to check for spelling mistakes, grammar errors, omitted words, incorrect dates, etc.

CHAPTER 24 – WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE and the ARTS

This chapter’s goal is to experience an artwork or performance, understand its elements, and then write an essay analyzing and perhaps evaluating the work. We choose an art form or type of performance with which we are familiar or are willing to learn about. We understand the work, experience it thoughtfully, looking carefully its content, form and overall effect. We gather information, take notes on what we experience, seek to understand the whole work before we analyze the parts. We organize our thoughts, review the notes that we took as we analyzed the work. The key what insight about the work has our analysis let us to see and we make judgment our thesis through this, and organize supporting points logically in a scratch or full outline. We write the first draft then we review and revise the essay, once we have revised our appraisal, clarified our transitions, and checked our evidence, polish the phrasing and diction. In particular, we should check that we have used the special terms of the special terms of the literary genre or art form clearly and accurately.

CHAPTER 23 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 23 – LAB, EXPERIMENT AND FIELD REPORTS

The goal of this chapter is to accurately record and thoughtfully interpret the results of a scientific study or experiment so clearly that others could repeat your experiment. When writing a lab report, there are many formatting issues that we need to keep in mind. If we are writing lab reports for a chemistry course, for example, we will need to follow the guidelines as established by the teacher or professor. Although the requirements for lab report writing may differ somewhat from class to class, most will contain cover page, title, purpose, equipment and materials, procedure, results and discussions, conclusions, references. The cover page of the lab report should contain only a few, basic pieces of information but the title should appear on the top of the report. We must also state our "purpose" when we write a lab report. This portion of the lab report is written in order to describe why we are doing the experiment, what we hope to gain from the experiment, and what skills we will be able to develop by completing the experiment. Finally, we must cite all of the reference materials we used in the development of the lab report. Any materials we used to help you with the experiment or to help we draw our conclusions should be listed in this section. The writing should be straightforward and to-the-point in regard to the information presented. The text of a lab report should simply explain the scientific process that was used, as well as the results, but should not include our opinions on the experiment.

CHAPTER 22 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 22 – INTERVIEW REPORT

The goal of this chapter is to gain insights by interviewing someone and then sharing those revelations with readers. Aim to ask the right questions, record answers accurately, and report results clearly. An interview report is a report which gives you an idea of what a person is like, and what kind of opinions that person holds to a particular topic or group of topics. When writing an interview report you have a chance to share someone's views with the world. The interview report can generally be written in a conversational style, as the interview itself. For much of an interview report will be writing using the interviewee's own words, so one of the most important parts of the interview report is the preparatory phase where we decide what the general aims of the interview will be and determine a list of possible questions, along with an outline on the topics that we want to hit as we move through the interview process. The interview report should start with a basic introduction of the person being interviewed. Once we have introduced the interviewee, we should move on to the questions. The questions should try to relate whatever topics the interview is about to the interviewee's own experience. Also we should be sure that we have a reliable method of recording the interview. In the interview report we shouldn’t use the quotes were not specifically stated by the interviewees. If all we have is a vague sense of the interviewee's opinion, then we should make it clear that we are paraphrasing. When we follow these tips then our interview report will give people an accurate impression of the person.

CHAPTER 21 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 21 – OBSERVATION REPORT

In this chapter we have learned powerfully re-create our observations of a location and/or an event. Aim to share our sensory impressions so clearly that reader gets an accurate, rich sense of the situation. This type of report permits the reader “view” the described experience with his own eyes. A good observation report makes an imprint in the memory of the reader and becomes his own experience destroying the borderline between real and read experiences. It is obvious that good observational skills are crucial for a professional observational report. In order to achieve a good observational result the author while the process of observation needs to catch every little detail. Knowing all the possible details will convert the report into a real creative masterpiece and make the reader notice details he has never thought of before. Every sound, smell, touch, glance and taste should be mentioned. Observation reports can be written on many different topics which base on the information ordinarily focused on the main five senses of human beings. Delicate approach to the choice of a topic or keen understanding of the one topic is the key element of good report writing.

CHAPTER 19 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 19 – PERSUADING READERS to ACT

Persuading others is a difficult task. No one is expected to persuade every reader or audience member, but we can get all of the readers or audience to think critical about our view. Persuasive writing attempts to convince the reader that the point of view or course of action recommended by the writer is valid. To accomplish this, the writer must develop a limited topic which is well defined and debatable, that is has more than one side. It is important that the author understand other sides of the position so that the strongest information to counter the others can be presented. In the essay, only one side of the issue is presented. The topic should be a statement of position. That position must be clear and direct. This statement directs the readers to follow along with our logic towards the specific stated conclusion that we want them to support. We should not make it personal so we should not use personal pronouns. We should make it definitive. Then we can state the best reasons that we have to support our position as the remainder of the opening paragraph. These reasons become the topics of each of the supporting paragraphs. In the body of the essay, we should use specific evidence, examples, and statistics and not broad generalizations or personal opinions to persuade the reader that the stated position is a valid one. Each additional sentence must closely relate to the topic and the sentence that came before it. This way, the logic of the argument and transition between paragraphs are easy to follow. As one closes the essay, it is most important to clearly redefine the topic and restate the most compelling evidence cited in original form because this is the last chance to remind the reader and convince him/her to accept the writer's position. So we should not introduce new material in the conclusion.

CHAPTER 18 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 18 – TAKING a POSITION

Position essays express the writer’s opinion on some debated issue in writing. The primary goal of a position essay is to persuade the reader that the writer's point of view or opinion is correct. To write a successful position essay, the writer should carefully pick the topic and do proper research on the discussed issue. Position papers need to be well-balanced, and interesting to read. Both, the writer's position and the alternative (opposing) position should be presented to assure the other thoughts. The alternative/opposing position presented in a position paper should reflect the most common view of the audience on the chosen topic. A successful position essay is well-grounded, supported by evidence and consistent in style. Despite mentioning different sides of the issue, the writers should take one side and prove to the readers that their position is valid. The alternative position should be refuted and shown as incorrect. Validity can be confirmed by research, statistics, evidence and profound knowledge on the matter. Position essays can be written on absolutely any topic as long as there are clear positions for the writer to take. One should avoid writing on vague topics where it is hard to establish a position. Unlike narrative or descriptive essays that impartially account for certain events, topics or people, position essays are about taking a side and arguing it in writing.

CHAPTER 17 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 17 – STRATEGIES for ARGUMENTATION and PERSUASION

In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince others to agree with our facts, share our values, accept our argument and conclusions, and adopt our way of thinking. Persuasive writing utilizes logic and reason to show that one idea is more reasonable than another idea. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or to take a particular action. The argument must always use sound reasoning and solid evidence by stating facts, giving logical reasons, using examples, and quoting experts. When planning the persuasive essays we should choose our position. Which side of the issue or problem is I am going to write about, and what solution will I offer? I should know the purpose of my essay. I should research my topic to provide specific and convincing evidence. We should figure out what evidence we will include and in what order we will present the evidence. Remember to consider the purpose, my audience, and the topic. Understand the opposite viewpoint of our position and then we should counter it by providing contrasting evidence or by finding mistakes and inconsistencies in the logic of the opposing argument. We should support our position with evidence. We should remember that our evidence must appeal to reason. Examples enhance your meaning and make your ideas concrete. They are the proof.

CHAPTER 16 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 16 – DEFINITION

A definition essay is writing that explains what a term means. Some terms have definite, concrete meanings, such as glass, book, or tree. Terms such as honesty, honor, or love are abstract and depend more on a person's point of view. In definition essay we should tell readers what term is being defined, present clear and basic information, use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand. We need to understand the term before you can define it for others. We should explain the term briefly in your own words. Also, it's important to limit term before we start defining it. For example, we could write forever on the term "love." To limit it, we would write about either "romantic love," "platonic love," or "first love." The thesis statement usually identifies the term being defined and provides a brief, basic definition.

CHAPTER 15 – Mind MAP

CHAPTER 15 – PROCESS WRITING

Process writing is practical writing that answers the kinds of questions we face every day at home, in college, or on the job. Writing answers these types of question analyzes the process in which we’re interested, breaks it down into steps, and shows how the process works. The three basic forms of process writing include describing a process, explaining a process, and giving instructions. We choose one of these forms to carry out the process as breaking the process into specific steps and write about it. To write one of these forms, we must study the process until we understand to show how each steps leads logically to the next, and how all the steps together complete the process. We should decide what our writing should do and choose the form that fits our purpose and audience. Regardless of the form that we choose, we should make our writing accessible to all of the readers by addressing the reader who knows at least about the topic. If I talk about the guidelines about process writing first of all I should select a topic, then review the process to find issues that I need to research, then organize the information by adding reordering steps as needed after my research, then draft the documents by describing, explaining a process and writing instructions, then for all these we should revise the writing, then read the writing for organization and completeness by testing the writing, get feedback from classmates for clarity of writing, finally edit and publish the essay.

CHAPTER 14 – CLASSIFICATION

In a classification essay, a writer organizes, or sorts, things into categories. We use clarification criteria to distinguish one subgroup from another. For example, classifying local apartments by size, price or age so we should choose criteria that fit our purpose. Then we are supposed to test our criterion. Writer uses the diagrams to organize the information that he gathered as an aid for developing classification essay. Then draft your thesis; the thesis statement includes the topic and how it is classified. Classification essay contain an opening, middle, and a closing paragraph. Opening should have a thesis statement. Writer compares and contrasts various aspects of the items or topics being classified in middle paragraph. The closing is used to restate the thesis and summarize the facts and information presented with the classification essay. Then we get feedback from our classmates or someone as wants from them to read. We revise the essay just in case we need to edit essay to make some changes. Finally we share our writing with people.